O'odham Orthography

 

There are 2 O’odham dictionaries (Mathiot and Saxton) and 1 grammar (Zepeda) book published. Neither of the dictionaries is written in the Alvarez-Hale orthography. Zepeda’s book has an orthographic system sound comparison as the 1st lesson. A part of that 1st lesson is the Alvarez – Hale orthography. There are modified versions of the Alvarez – Hale system which include additonal consonants and symbols to create a broader understanding of differing dialects. This modified version is represented here. This modified version of the Alvarez/Hale orthography uses twenty-one consonants and five vowels. Other symbols are used to determine the length of the vowel. (The following letters are not used: f, q, r, v, x, & z). To accommodate local dialect these symbols were added to the Alvarez/Hale orthography: d & v.

Pronunciation Guide
The location of stress within a word – the stress on most O’odham words is consistently in initial position (first syllable).
The glottal stop (‘) is a sound produced by a stoppage of air in the throat and is also found in certain expressions in English. For example, “uh-oh”, as in “uh-oh, I think we’re in trouble!”
The vowel sounds in O’odham can be drawn out to a long sound or cut off as a short sound. The sound of a long or short vowel does not change – it is simply held for a longer or shorter duration.
A colon (:) following a vowel represents a long vowel. Long vowels can appear in any syllable of a word.
A vowel with a breve (˘) over it represents a short vowel. Short vowels, which are almost whispered, usually occur at the end of a word.
Plurals are created by reduplication of a singular word: reduplication of the first consonant and vowel, or just the initial vowel. (Example: gogs – gogogs or mi:tol – mimi:tol). Used in lower case, o’odham refers simply to people, and in upper case, O’odham refers to speakers of the O’odham language.
Resource ~ Zepeda, Ofelia. “The Papago Grammar.”

 


 Letter   Sound   O'odhan   Miliga:n 
    b    big   ban  coyote
    c    chip  cehia  little girl
    d    this  do'ag  mountain
    ḍ    but  tad  foot 
    ḏ   dam  judum  bear 
    g   go  gogs  dog
    h    hot  huñ  corn
    j   job  ju:k  rain
    k   kiss  ka:lit  wagon
    l rolling r  lial  money
   m   miss  mi:tol  cat
   n    no  nalaṣ  orange
   ñ canyon  ñulaṣ  peach
   p    pot   pi:las  pear
   s    see  siṣpakuḍ safety pin
   ṣ   ship  ṣuṣk  shoes
   t   thin  taṣ  sun
   v   vine  violi:n  violin
   w   what   wioṣa  face
   y   yes  yavĭ  key